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Gary Gifford wrote on Sat, Mar 18, 2006 12:53 PM UTC:
Someone had written about 'draws' in relation to Catapults of Troy.  No
name appeared in the comment column.  They wrote, in part,'Draws are not,
in themselves, a negative.  There is always the potential for such to be
judged according to material or position. So a player might obtain a draw,
but might lose according to their material or position.'

My response: I suppose this is like the stalemate in Chinese Chess, but we
can't call it a draw that wins... it is a win.  Or in Shatranj, single
bare King... might look like a draw, but it is a win for the King +
material side.  In Chess, a stalemate is a draw, and bare King can end up
being a draw.  But is anything wrong with that?

The commentor continued, 'The draw question should be whether a player
might through a set of specific moves force a draw from the start of a
game, not whether any potential draw is possible.  In other words, by
achieving a particular position on the field the player is able to prevent
the opponent from ever achieving the stated capture goal of the game.'

My response:  In many good games a draw can be forced, if this is not the
case, then it means one side will always win (with best moves).  However,
it is very important to note that this forced draw assumes the absolute
best moves be made.  Thus, in a 'perfect game' of chess a draw is
forced.  But, the human mind is not capable of handling the solution.  The
solution is mind boggling.  But the computer Hydra seems to have it (or be
close).  It has never lost a game (from either side).  It has had draws.

The writer continued. 'And as stated, a draw-ish game is not, by its
nature, 'broken', it can still be evaluated by material or position if
the players desire.'

My response: Why?  What is wrong with 2 players getting a draw?  I played
in the World Open in 1980 and in the New York Open back in 1983... I had
some very hard fought draws.  I see nothing wrong with that.  To win, I
need to play better than my opponent.  I need to avoid errors... hope that
my opponent makes the last blunder.

The commentor went on to say, 'Though if it is possible to force a draw
each and every game, the stated capture goal might be considered
inconsequential or at the least merely an influence during the game.'

My response: At present, I don't understand this comment.  But as I
started out saying, A perfectly played game of Chess should result in a
draw.  If this is not true, it means one side can always win in a
perfectly played game.  In either case, most humans (even World Champions)
don't play perfect games.  All in all, closely rated players are more
likely to draw than those with big rating differences.  To avoid draws,
play better, don't re-design a time-honored game.

The person concluded, 'I apologize to Gary for my rant.'
My response: Apology accepted, but not at all necessary.

In conclusion, There was once a man who outplayed his opponent in chess. 
He promoted a pawn to Queen and said, 'I win, you cannot move.'  The
other said, 'This is a stalemate. It is a draw.'  This was confirmed and
the first man yelled, 'What a stupid rule!  I should win!  Look at this! 
I'll never play this stupid game again!'  True story.  But what is its
point?  Quite simple, 'Know the rules of the game you are playing.  And
be careful, there just might happen to be a thing called a draw.'

Anonymous wrote on Sun, Mar 19, 2006 01:49 PM UTC:
Then you agree that draws are not necessarily a negative.


As to the statement:

'Though if it is possible to force a draw each and every game, the
stated
capture goal might be considered inconsequential or at the least merely
an
influence during the game.'

If a game had the goal as the capture of a specific piece(like the King
in
Chess) and the player by either position or material was able to prevent
this from occuring, the capture goal would still have an effect during
the
play of the game.  Then if these subsequent draws were then evaluated by
either material or position(creating a new win conditon), this capture
goal may be inconsequential(un-attainable) or merely an influence(forcing
the players toward the new win condition) during the game.

Derek Nalls wrote on Mon, Mar 20, 2006 09:39 PM UTC:
various remarks concerning draws

description-  Symmetrical Chess Collection
http://www.symmetryperfect.com/shots/descript.pdf

relevant excerpts
p. 26-28 (first paragraph)
___________________________________________________

Note-  Some remarks are admixed in context with the
description of a game (Hex Chess SS) while other
remarks are directed in a purely general manner.

Charles Daniel wrote on Mon, Apr 14, 2008 11:29 PM UTC:
Hi Rich, 

While I agree with some of what you say, I dont think chess has a draw
issue at all. I took a quick look at all the chess games I played when I
was active  - very few draws. This seems to happen more in the GM level -
the grandmaster draw (less than 20 moves) could easily be banned.  

And many well contested games that end in draws at proper completeion are
actually quite interesting - I say just get rid of the draw offer for
major  tournaments/matches. 
Getting rid of Stalemate, 3 move repetition seems like a major step
backwards so I would nt call them patches - more like deleting essential
components. 

I am probably in the minority here defending orthodox chess but its
probably because I am more interested in chess-like variants than most,
and I was not too long ago a chess  enthusiast.

Rich Hutnik wrote on Tue, Apr 15, 2008 12:24 AM UTC:
Over 60% of chess tournaments are ending in draws on the highest level. 
That looks like a problem to me.

David Paulowich wrote on Tue, Apr 15, 2008 01:30 AM UTC:
The 'Grandmaster Draw' is, by definition, a problem for grandmasters.
I am not a grandmaster and most of my games are decisive.
Therefore I do not have a problem.

Charles Daniel wrote on Tue, Apr 15, 2008 01:45 AM UTC:
I understand that it does - but are you a regular chess player? 

An insignificant amount of chessplayers: extremely talented, and very
closely    bunched in skill level,  and with a lot of time to research /
memorize a large amount of opening theory, play each other under the
auspices of an at least somewhat corrupt organization - 60% end in draws .
So what? 
ban the draw offer and motivate them to play fighting chess - that
percentage will reduce to at least 45-50%. 
With that skill level, expertise and knowledge - no serious chess player
will have a problem with this result. 

It would be nice if there was many chess variants close enough to chess
that they were accepted by most  chess players - then everyone would be
playing in a chess variant tournament.  

I believe if chess is moved to  a larger board, it would be difficult for
HUMANs to attain the amount of chess theory of the 8x8 game.  

Chess is 'played out' not because it is flawed but because it became too
successful.

Rich Hutnik wrote on Tue, Apr 15, 2008 04:40 AM UTC:
Sofia rule, which you wrote of, apparently reduced the number of draws by
less than 5%:
http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4553

My question is, even if the number of draws ends up being 45-50% why is
this still acceptable?

Gary Gifford wrote on Tue, Apr 15, 2008 04:24 PM UTC:
I have been playing chess since I was 5 years old and personally never found the draw aspect to be an issue. I suppose at the GM level it might be, but where I'm at, and the tournament players and club players I've seen there are relatively few draws. The higher rated players typically beat the lower rated players.

One can avoid draws in chess by playing against much stronger players. And if you do play a much stronger player and get a draw, chances are that you will be happy to have gotten it.

On a related note, I took another look at Navia Dratp recently. With its unbalance armies, and three ways to win it seems that draws are unlikely in that game. Even at the bare king level (Navias only) the two pieces would race towards the opposition's first rank and the one who won the race would win.

I think Chess is fine as is. If someone is disatisfied with it then there are certainly plenty of other variants to play. I still hope Navia Dratp will catch on someday. I think it is a fantastic variant and it should satisy the draw haters.


Rich Hutnik wrote on Tue, Apr 15, 2008 06:16 PM UTC:
I am curious here regarding draws.  Should we be viewing the solution to
draws to be merely another specific game?  Or, can we do something with
how game conditions are scored over variants in general (start with a
baseline) that would end up address possible draw issues with all them. 
You can have a default starting place, and variants are free to do this. 
Perhaps we could end up using a different default position than FIDE
chess.  How about we look to Shatranj for example, and what it had, and
use that as the starting point?  Maybe extend it some to account for more
modern play.

Just an idea here.

Charles Daniel wrote on Wed, Apr 16, 2008 02:32 AM UTC:
Another specific game.
As a variant inventor, I try to come up with a game that plays as well as chess. Even though I have tried different avenues, my ultimate goal is to come up with a game that plays almost like chess but on a bigger board with a few new pieces. Obviously since its new, opening theory will be a complete restart and it will take a very long time before this game ever gets 'stale'.

With Titan Chess , I added many new pieces but I am very happy with the gameplay though I have to say it is a bit different from orthodox chess! I have tested this game thoroughly, and draws are much less likely in Titan Chess even though you can draw as in std chess.

However, I see no flaws in the original game (orthodox chess) and certainly have no problem with draws.

Perhaps, your see draws in chess as a problem, among other things because you like games with razor's edge win/loss conditions and changing parameters (like Fischer Random but more extreme with random pieces ).

So yes, chess cannot be changed - the game has already been made and too much people care about it. But if another very similar game catches on .. that is another story.
I can guarantee you that draws are not a problem for chess, And neither are computers - (George! )


Rich Hutnik wrote on Wed, Apr 16, 2008 02:49 AM UTC:
The original chess is Shatranj, and it had multiple victory conditions,
including barring the king and stalemate as a win, provided only one side
had their king barred.  These rules were taken out when people thought the
changes made to what we have with regular chess, would mean you would
almost never draw.

You also didn't have castling, which left the king in the middle of the
board, vulnerable to being checkmated.  I can also, through my playing
with Near Chess, see that when you do what you do with the pawns by giving
them extra mobility (2 spaces to start instead of one), it results in pawn
structures that remain solid all the way through, which reduces the
chances of creating uneven pawn structures that help to cause the endgame
generating more pawn promotions.  Also this, in addition giving the other
pieces more mobility means that you have the firepower pieces getting out
in front of the pawns, burning off faster, with less firepower left in the
end game to bust up pawn structures more.  All this leads to more draws.

The end result was it was far less likely to have the draw conditions we
have today, which are pushing around 60% on the highest levels of play.  I
would like to hear someone explain why draw rate of 60% or higher is a good
thing, particularly people who are into variants and are willing to adopt
whatever rules are needed to make an enjoyable game.

I will suggest anyone here to download Near Chess and have the Zillions AI
try it and see what happens when you move chess back closer to Shatranj
than regular chess.  I believe you get a lot less draws.

Gary Gifford wrote on Wed, Apr 16, 2008 02:55 AM UTC:
Several of us at CV, myself included, came to believe that it was harder to
avoid a draw in Shatranj than it was to avoid a draw in chess due to that
lack of fire power.  I believe that was one of the reasons Joe Joyce
created Modern Shatranj with more fire power than the original, that is, so it would be less drawish.

Graeme Neatham wrote on Wed, Apr 16, 2008 03:31 AM UTC:

'... I would like to hear someone explain why draw rate of 60% or higher is a good thing ...'

I don't believe anyone has claimed it to be a good thing.

What I do not comprehend is why some think it to be a bad thing.

Between equally proficient opponents I would expect a high percentage of draws.


David Paulowich wrote on Thu, Apr 17, 2008 06:18 PM UTC:
THREE DIFFERENT 'STALEMATE/BARE KING' SETS OF RULES!
THREE DIFFERENT 'STALEMATE/BARE KING' SETS OF RULES!!
THREE DIFFERENT 'STALEMATE/BARE KING' SETS OF RULES!!!

ENDGAME POSITION  White: King c1, Knight e1 and Black: King a1, Pawn a2, Rook e2.

   +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 4 |   |///|   |///|   |///|   |///|
   +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 3 |///|   |///|   |///|   |///|   |
   +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 2 | p |///|   |///| r |///|   |///|
   +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 1 |/k/|   |/K/|   |/N/|   |///|   |
   +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 
     a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h

After 1.Nc2 check Rxc2 check, Black has won in Shatranj by the Bare King rule, which has only one stated exception. The Zillions Rule File for Shatranj (correctly) scores this game as a win for Black. Yesterday I posted this example on the Shatranj page, pointing out that 2.Kxc2 stalemate is a draw in two of my chess variants and a White victory in Wildebeest Chess.

Richard, when are you going to grasp the fact that there are no FIDE-approved rules for Shatranj? Our knowledge of Shatranj is based on a few written sources, representing a selection from possibly hundreds of regional variants. Chaturanga was dropped from the list of Recognized Variants here in 2005, because our collective knowledge of the game consisted of: 'We guess it had the same rules as Shatranj, more or less'. We were unable to 'Please comment here' after your [2008-04-14] post, because you apparently used a forbidden symbol in your thread title. We cannot properly evaluate your proposal until you write down your own complete set of rules. Also a few examples would be helpful.

Also you could clearly state where and why you disagree with: David Paulowich, R. Wayne Schmittberg, and Colin Adams, who wrote in 1999: 'If one player is reduced to a bare King (no other pieces), then he loses the game, unless he can immediately reduce his opponent to a bare King also (I would suggest that demonstrating that he can reduce his opponent to a bare King by a forced series of moves should also be allowed ...'


Charles Daniel wrote on Thu, Apr 17, 2008 10:35 PM UTC:
Rich Hutnik  Posted:
----------------------------------
Well, the highest level of chess
represents chess played at an optimal level, right? If it is drawing at
that level,
what impact does it have on the game? 

----------------------------------
Drawing at that level simply demonstrates that both opponents are almost
equally skilled.  
If a win is desired then  it is the scoring that needs to be changed (even
though I disagree on that too) . For example consider giving a draw less
than 1/2 point . or scoring for the different types of draws. 

However, stalemate is one of the greatest 'features' in chess. Feature
well utilized:  even recently in a game between two GMs one player on his
way to a loss played a tricky move which if not replied correctly would
have led to stalemate. 
I like to give the boxing analogy of a knockout to checkmate. Most boxing
matches between equally skilled opponents are actually draws - the scoring
is so subjective you might as well call it that .  Now if you want a
decisive result between two players. How about this: in the event of a
draw - the time control is changed to say something like 5min/12second
increment  and they play until someone wins. Changes to scoring and
tournament rules can be adjusted to produce a winner in all cases  if
desired.

Have you taken a look at Modern Shatranj? I believe it has all the rules
you would like implemented. Perhaps a modified version of that game may be
a good starting point .

Rich Hutnik wrote on Thu, Apr 17, 2008 11:42 PM UTC:
If you want to liken Chess to Boxing, then if boxing were like chess, if
there wasn't a knockout, the boxing match would end in a draw.  Do you
think this would be good for boxing?  Can you name any other sport where
this is so and why it is good for tournament play?

Please present the case that have 60%+ of all chess matches ending in
draws is good for chess as a sport.  I would like to see the argument how
it fosters growth.  I would like to see the appeal to soccer and hockey
having draws in them be shown how the Stanley Cup and the World Cup end in
draws.  Are there ANY other sports which end in draws?  How about ones
where if the entire thing ends in a draw, the defending champion retains
their title.  Does ANYTHING else besides Chess have this?

Anyhow, if you want to declare a draw as a 'non-checkmate' ending to a
chess match, then fine.  But explain how having it end in 1/2-1/2 for both
players resulting in the chess match not reaching a conclusion (except for
the defending champ) actually helps chess grow as a game.  I am interested
hearing the argument how this actually fosters growth of chess.  Not that
it is 'well, we have bad leadership in the chess world, which is why it
isn't growing'.  I am asking if it helps chess grow in any way having
the 19th century 1/2 to 1/2 for a draw for both sides.

Gary Gifford wrote on Thu, Apr 17, 2008 11:59 PM UTC:
I believe chess would be no more popular if there were no such thing as draws. Of course, I have no way to prove that. I have seen chess clubs die out in this area; and at the club levels draws seem rare. I believe chess is not popular because intellectual games are not popular (at least in Western civilization). Monopoly and Hungry-Hungry Hippos are more popular.

I believe we can change the rules and come up with a truly fantastic variant (like Navia Dratp)... and yet still, it won't be popular (relatively) because it is 'intellectual' in spirit. That is why the late Donald Benge, creater of Conquest, advized me to never try to market a chess variant.


Charles Daniel wrote on Fri, Apr 18, 2008 12:13 AM UTC:
To further the analogy - 
Each round in boxing is like 1 game of chess.  

I had no idea that 60% of all chess MATCHES end in draws. How much games
are played in each match? 


The solution to making chess have appeal like other sports has nothing to
do with rules for draws  .  

All you have to do is to come up with a match/tournament system that
ALWAYS provides a winner. E.g. if a 6 game match is drawn then more games
with reduced time controls. Kind of like the extra long tennis matches on
tv. 
Soccer games that end in draws go to overtime. Chess matches/tournaments
cant do that? 


I think you have to explain how two equally skilled players ending a game
in a draw is bad for chess in general. At worst, it has no effect.  

If it is a decisive game you want - then let each 'game' in a tournament
be a series of games with differing time controls until  a winner is
produced. 
 
btw - boxing organizations are notoriously corrupt too but it does not
mean  the rules of boxing needs to be changed just the organization needs
to be. 

Perhaps, chess is not being marketed  properly but this does not mean the
rules have to be changed. 
Also by definition if you change the rules you are creating your own game
so why not just call it another game and stick with that?

Jianying Ji wrote on Fri, Apr 18, 2008 12:58 AM UTC:
Intellectual games does better in Germany, the low countries, and Asian
countries such as Korea, Japan, China. They do terrible in the US. The
only new abstract game to make headway here is Blockus. Look at the uptake
of GIPF games and the Korean game 'cafes'. Some German bars are stocked
with various abstract games. 

The key seems to be whether a game become a social past time. If games has
this social aspect then they will be played much more widely. Go and
Xiangqi in china was like that, and still is to a degree.

Gary Gifford wrote on Fri, Apr 18, 2008 01:37 AM UTC:
Jianying Ji is correct; as is Charles Daniel. Getting back to Donald Benge, he took Conquest to Germany were it did (does) much better there than in the U.S. The German's even had Donald create a new version of his game which used Catapults and Siege Engines.

In regard to the 'intellectual games' aspect, our local mall had a GameKeeper store. Fantastic! I loved it. Strategy games upon strategy games... Donald asked me to see if I could get his Conquest in there... I tried but to no avail. Why? Possibly because the manager knew what I didn't, that GameKeeper was going to be short lived. It is no longer there. The near by Build-a-Bear store continues to thrive... it appears that there is a much bigger market for stuffed animals than there is for games that stimulate our minds.

Our group of CV players is a small group. A group with keen minds. It would be nice if we were larger in number... oh, I still think draws have virtually nothing to do with the relatively low level of interest. After all, Chess was very big in Russia and neighboring countries at a time when it had very little interest over in the U.S. So I think it is a cultural thing. I think the introduction of video games, for example, has robbed us of many potential chess and CV players.


Rich Hutnik wrote on Fri, Apr 18, 2008 02:30 AM UTC:
How about having some 'mutator' scoring system or Rules that can be
applied on top of just about any group of chess variants, and if the game
hardly ever doesn't end in draws, but checkmate, then these extra
conditions don't matter.  But, if it is more prone to certain conditions,
then the scoring system can handle these rare exceptions?  It is good to
design games that are less drawish and more decisive, but if you have a
popular game that is more draw-prone, why not differentiate the quality of
the draws and account for them appropriately.  In other words, you don't
just have set over all conditions that have the same score, but you have
more granularity.  They do this now in chess anyhow, awarding 1/2 point to
each player on a draw, and 1 point for a win.  This is two scores.  Why do
multiple varieties of draws (non-checkmate ends) have to all have the same
score?

A reason why I am discussing this now is look at normal chess.  What you
see is that the multiple varieties of draws are all worth the same 1/2
point for BOTH players.  Add that to the defending champion retaining
title on a tie in score, and you are going to produce draws.

Anyhow, this also goes to the person arguing for stalemate staying in the
game.  I will say that is fine, but why should it score 1/2-1/2 for both
players (count as a draw?).  What did the player who was stalemated
exactly do?  They get a draw due to the bungling of the other player,
which does nothing to advance the ending of the results?  How about
awarding the player who stalemated their opponent 1/2 point, but their
opponent doesn't get any points?  It still hurts to mess up like that,
but still respects the stalemate as a gotcha someone can mess up on.

Rich Hutnik wrote on Fri, Apr 18, 2008 05:12 AM UTC:
In regards to draws and so on, I am proposing as a starting discussion
point the Shatranj Extended Tournament Scoring (SETS) Rules.  They are
here:
http://www.chessvariants.org/index/msdisplay.php?itemid=MSshatranjextend

Please comment regarding this.  Perhaps this, Braves and whatever else is
out there can come together to come up with an effective scoring system,
which will deal with the draw issues, and provide a better measure for how
people do in a chess tournament.

George Duke wrote on Fri, Apr 18, 2008 04:15 PM UTC:
Draws in Chess would not optimally be expected to be as infrequent as a
Deadheat in thoroughbred horse racing, occurring less than 0.5% of the
time. Neither should we require several sudden-death ''extended
times'' to get an outcome 95% the time. Infrequent Draws are to be
tolerated. The right technique, i.e. Rules-set tack-ons, to reduce Draws
to acceptable level (usually 1% to 10%) depends on the game. Draws in
Rococo might benefit from the following novelty, entailing strict 100-move limit: if no capture of Rococo King by move 100, either player may declare
''DRAW'' precisely at that milestone. It would be brand-new Draw
criterion never used before. Many CVs have not determined requisite mating material, especially those CVs never yet played, even by inventors. If no
one knows minimum mating material, that standard has to be used with
extreme caution.

Rich Hutnik wrote on Fri, Apr 18, 2008 09:30 PM UTC:
George, I think your comment here is worth discussing:
Many CVs have not determined requisite mating material,
especially those CVs never yet played, even by inventors. If no
one knows minimum mating material, that standard has to be used with
extreme caution.


I believe because a bunch of CVs wander into the unknown in regards to
what is or is not suitable mating material, I believe this is all the more
important why there should be some method in place to make sure that, in
event there is a draw, that at least be some way to insure that the end
result isn't 1/2 - 1/2 for both players, amounting to nothing.

How about, based on the SETS rules, you have it so one player either gets
the 1/2 point draw advantage or they pick what side they be?  Player can
forfeit the decision on what side to play in exchange for 1/2 point, or
pick whatever side they choose and their opponent gets the 1/2 point for
the draw.

Some people may argue, 'But but, there may be a bunch of draws in the
game, so this gives the player whomever takes the 1/2 point an unfair
advantage.'

To this, can I ask, what does this say about a game, if doing this gives a
player an unfair advantage for taking the 1/2 point? If this is the case, how about making a win worth 2 points instead?  In light of a win being worth 4 times as much as a draw, would someone still want to play for a draw?

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